Format

Citation for PRINTED BOOK Source

General format

Author(s), Title, Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

One author

Battles, M. (2003). Library: An unquiet history. New York: W.W. Norton.

Invert all authors' names and give surnames and initials only. Capitalize only the first word of the titles and of the subtitle, and any proper nouns. Omit the publisher's province, state, or country, if they are well known. Canadian provinces are abbreviated with two letters (e.g., ON, NB, BC etc.).

Several books by same author

Wurman, R.S. (1989). InformationAnxiety. New York: Doubleday.

Wurman, R.S. (2001). InformationAnxiety2. Indianapolis: Que.

The author's name is repeated. If the same author (or coauthors) have several publications in the same year, list them alphabetically and add an "a," "b," and "c," etc., after the date to distinguish them.

Two or more authors

Burka, J.B., & Yuen, L.M. (1983). Procrastination: Why you do it, what to do about It. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Put all authors in inverted order and use "&" for "and". (Use "and" within the text of the report/essay) If there are more than six authors, name the first and add "et al." ("and others"): Burka, Jane B., et al. Name all the authors in the first citation. Beginning with second citation, use first author and add "et al."

No author, date, place of publication, or page

New York Public Library American history desk reference. (1997). New York: Macmillan.

When you make your Reference List, alphabetize the entry by title, ignoring A, An, or The. Use "n.d." when works give no date of publication.

Second or later edition

Booth, W.C., Colomb, G.G., & Joseph M. Williams. (2003). The craft of research (2nd ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Edition information is put in parentheses.

The full name of a university as publisher is used

Edited book

Mintz, A.P. (Ed.). (2002). Web of deception: Misinformation on the Internet. New York: Information Today.

Multivolume work

Sadie, S. (Ed.). (1980). The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians. London: MacMillan.

Single volume in a multivolume work

Naylor, P. R. (1980-81). Footprints at the window: Vol. 3. The York trilogy. New York: Simon and Shuster.

Encyclopedia article, with author given

Likens, Gene E. (2001). Acid rain. In World Book. Chicago: World Book.

Note the use of "In" with title of reference book. City and publisher of reference book are given.

Encyclopedia article, no author given

Amaravati Sculpture. (1991). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Vol. 1, p. 311. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

Reference book article

Draper, J. (1992). Austin Clarke. Black literature criticism. Vol. 3, p. 23. Detroit: Gage Research.

Dictionary

Tuque. (2004). Canadian Oxford dictionary. (2^nded.) Toronto: Oxford University Press.

Republished book

Barzun, J.V. (1994). Simple and direct: A rhetoric for writers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1985).

Translated book

Balsamo, L. (1995). Bibliography: History of a tradition. W.A. Pettas (Trans.). Berkeley, CA: Doubleday. (Original work published 1990).

Part of a book (e.g. essay, story, or poem in a collection)

Anderson, D. (1975). Real women in fiction, where are you? In E. McCullough (Ed.), The role of women in Canadian literature (pp. 83-88). Toronto: MacMillan.

For reference and books, provide the page numbers of the entire piece or section you are citing.

Novel or play from an anthology

Serling, R. (1988). The twilight zone. In R. Smith (Ed.), Modern American plays. New York: Scribner's.

Government publication

Ontario Ministry of Education (2002). The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Interdisciplinary Studies. 2002.

                    Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario.

Pamphlet

Essential skills: Skills to build on. (n.d.). Human Resources and Skills Development Canada.

Format

Citation for ELECTRONIC BOOK Source

General format

Author(s). Title. Source of Publication. Publisher, Date of Access.

Online book

Wells, H.G. (1895). The time machine. Project Gutenberg archive. Etext 35. Retrieved May 6, 2005, from <gutenberg.org/etext/35>

The URL of an Internet site is not italicized. There is no period after the URL.

Online encyclopedia

Sentman, E. Aardvark. (2005). In Grolier multimedia encyclopedia. Retrieved June 17, 2005, from <gme.grolier.com>

CD-ROM article

Ardvaark. (1999). World Book multimedia encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Chicago: World Book.

Online poem or play

Avison, M. The Dumbfounding. In I. Lancashire (Ed.), Representative poetry online: Canadian poets.

                        Retrieved June 10, 2005, from <library.utoronto.ca/canpoetry/avison/poem2.htm>