Format

Citation for PRINTED BOOK Source

General format

Author(s), Title, Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

One author

Battles, Mathew. Library: An Unquiet History. New York: W.W. Norton, 2003.

Omit the publisher's province, state, or country, if they are well known.

Several books by same author

Wurman, Richard S. InformationAnxiety. New York: Doubleday, 1989.

---. InformationAnxiety2. Indianapolis: Que, 2001.

Use three hyphens, followed by a period, to repeat the author.

Two or more authors

Burka, Jane B., and Leonora M. Yuen. Procrastination: Why You Do It, What to Do about It. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1983.

Put the second author in natural order.

If there are more than three authors, name the first and add "et al." ("and others"): Burka, Jane B., et al.

No author, date, place of publication, or page

New York Public Library American History Desk Reference. New York: Macmillan, 1997.

Alphabetize the entry by title, ignoring A, An, or The.

Use "n.d." when works give no date of publication. Similar abbreviations include "n.p." when no place of publication or publisher is given and "n.pag." when no pagination is given.

Second or

later edition

Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of Research. 2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003.

Edited book

Mintz, Anne P., ed. Web of Deception: Misinformation on the Internet. New York: Information Today, 2002.

Multivolume

work

Sadie, Stanley, ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 20 vols. London: MacMillan, 1980.

If you use only volume, state its number and the publication information for that volume alone.

Single volume in a multivolume

work

Naylor, Phyllis R. Footprints at the Window. New York: Simon and Shuster, 1981. Vol. 3 of The York Trilogy. 3 vols. 1980-81.

Encyclopedia

article, with author given

Likens, Gene E. "Acid Rain." World Book. 2001 ed.

Edition and year are required, but you can omit city and publisher for well-known reference books.

Encyclopedia article, no

author given

"Amaravati Sculpture." Encyclopedia Britannica. 15^thed. 1991. 1: 311.

Volume and page numbers are optional

Reference book article

Draper, James. "Austin Clarke." Black Literature Criticism. 3 vols. Detroit: Gage Research, 1992.

When citing less familiar reference books, give additional publication information.

Dictionary

"Tuque." Def. Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Ed. Katherine Barber. 2^nded. 2004.

Republished book

Barzun, Jacques. Simple and Direct: A Rhetoric for Writers. 1985. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1994

Translated book

Balsamo, Luigi. Bibliography: History of a Tradition. Trans. William A. Pettas. Berkeley, CA: Doubleday, 1990.

Part of a book (e.g. essay, story, or poem in a collection)

Anderson, Doris. "Real Women in Fiction, Where Are You?" The Role of Women in Canadian Literature. Ed. Elizabeth McCullough. Toronto: MacMillan, 1975. 83-88.

Provide the page numbers of the entire piece you are citing.

Novel or play from an anthology

Serling, Rod. The Twilight Zone. Modern American Plays. Ed. Robert Smith. New York: Scribner's, 1988.

Government publication

Ontario Ministry of Education. The Ontario Curriculum, Grades 11 and 12: Interdisciplinary Studies, 2002. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2002.

Pamphlet

Essential Skills: Skills to Build On. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, n.d.

Format

Citation for ELECTRONIC BOOK Source

General format

Author(s). Title. Source of Publication. Publisher, Date of Access.

Online book

Wells, H. G. The Time Machine. Project Gutenberg Archive. Etext 35. 6 May 2005 <http://www.gutenbrg.org/etext/35>.

The title of an Internet site is italicized. Its URL follows the access date, without punctuation in between.

Online encyclopedia

Sentman, Everett, "Aardvark." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Scholastic Library Publishing, 2005. 17 June 2005 <http://www.gme.grolier.com>.

CD-ROM article

"Ardvaark." World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 1999.

Online poem or play

Avison, Margaret. "The Dumbfounding." Representative Poetry Online: Canadian Poets. Ed. Ian Lancashire. 2002. 1 May 2005 <http://www.library.utoronto.ca/canpoetry/avison>.