Examples of In-Text Citations (MLA)
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How to... |
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For ONE book by an author
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Include the last name of the author and a page number with no punctuation between name and page number.
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“Toronto is considered one of the most multicultural cities in the world” (Smith 6).
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If author is mentioned in body of text
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If the author is mentioned, only the page number is needed.
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Smith confirms that “Toronto is considered one of the most multicultural cities in the world” (6).
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For TWO or more books by the same author
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Include the last name, a comma, a short title for the book (in italics) and the page number.
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(Smith,Great Literature 6)
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Author unknown
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Use the complete title within the text or use a short form of the title in parentheses. Book titles are italicized. Article titles are put in quotation marks.
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“Toronto is considered one of the most multicultural cities in the world” (Toronto the Good 6).
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Source has no author but sponsored by an agency
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Use the name of the agency in place of the author.
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“Toronto is considered one of the most multicultural cities in the world” (Tourism Toronto 6).
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Web source with no page numbers
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Do not add page numbers, even if they appear on a printout of a website (unless the document is a .pdf).
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“Toronto is one of the most multicultural cities in the world” (Smith).
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Four or more authors
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Name all the authors for the first entry however subsequently use the first author’s name and et. al to represent the others. It is Latin for “and others.”
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“Toronto is one of the most multicultural cities in the world” (Smith et al. 25).
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For authors with the same surname, include the first name as part of the text or the first initial within the parentheses.
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“Toronto is one of the most multicultural cities in the world” (A. Smith 25).
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Entire book
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Use the author’s name only. There is no need to include a page number.
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(Smith)
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Play
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Give the act, scene and line numbers as available. Separate numbers with periods.
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In Shakespeare’sKing Lear, Gloucester learns a lesson from his experience: “A man may see how this world goes / with no eyes” (4.6.148-49).
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Poem
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Cite the part, stanza and line numbers, separated by periods, as available.
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“…your men are considered so magnificent” (1.12.258-59).
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Novel with chapters
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Use page number, followed by a semicolon, then the part or chapter. Use abbreviations such as “pt.” and “Ch.”
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…her chances of finding a boyfriend are “dull and void” (117; bk. 2, ch. 10).
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